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Measles (Rubeola)

Last Updated: July 9, 2025 9:41:01 AM PDT
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Learn about measles and discover how to protect yourself and others.

Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person breathes, talks, coughs, or sneezes. Although rare due to widespread vaccination, it remains a public health concern, especially in high-density environments like college campuses.

Symptoms of Measles

Symptoms typically appear 7–14 days after exposure and include:

  • Fever (usually ≥101°F)

  • Cough

  • Runny nose

  • Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)

  • Koplik spots (small white spots inside the mouth, seen 1–2 days before rash)

  • Rash — appears 3–5 days after symptoms begin, spreading from the face down

When to Suspect Measles

Suspect measles in anyone who has:

  • The symptoms listed above, especially fever with rash

  • A history of international travel or exposure to international travelers in the last 21 days

  • Known contact with a confirmed or probable measles case

If you think you have been exposed to someone with measles, call your doctor as soon as possible. Infected people can spread the virus to others from 4 days before through 4 days after a rash appears. The virus can live for up to 2 hours in the air after the infected person leaves the area.

Testing for Measles

Healthcare providers may test for measles by:

  • Collecting a nasopharyngeal swab for PCR testing

  • Drawing serum for IgM and IgG antibody testing

There is no cure for measles. Treatment is focused on relieving symptoms. Recommendations are rest, adequate nutrition, and fluids. Some people with severe symptoms will need medical care in a hospital.

Reporting and Notification

If outbreaks occur, UC San Diego EH&S will coordinate with San Diego County Public Health for case confirmation, contact tracing, and campus risk mitigation. If your department experiences an outbreak, contact the EH&S Public Health team.

Prevention

The best protection against measles is the MMR vaccine, which is safe and highly effective. All campus members should ensure their vaccinations are up to date with their healthcare provider. Note: The measles vaccine is 2 doses given at least 28 days apart.

Resources

Questions? Contact the EH&S Public Health team.