Autoclaving, sometimes called steam sterilization, is the use of pressurized steam to kill infectious agents and denature proteins. This kind of "wet heat" is considered the most dependable method of sterilizing laboratory equipment and decontaminating biohazardous waste. Autoclaves do not remove chemical contamination.
When used properly, autoclaves are safe and highly effective. For operating procedures, read:
There are 2 basic autoclave cycles:
| Type of cycle |
Appropriate material |
Description |
| Gravity or "fast exhaust" |
Dry goods, glassware, etc. |
This cycle charges the chamber with steam and holds it at a set pressure and temperature for a set period of time. At the end of the cycle, a valve opens and the chamber rapidly returns to atmospheric pressure. Drying time may also be added to the cycle. |
| Liquid or "slow exhaust" |
Liquids |
This cycle prevents sterilized liquids from boiling. Steam is exhausted slowly at the end of the cycle, allowing the liquids (which will be super-heated) to cool. |
Other decontamination methods — including dry heat, ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, and liquid, gas, or vapor disinfection — are not a proper substitute for autoclaving or incineration before disposing of biohazardous material.
If you're a UCSD employee with questions, contact EH&S Biosafety, (858) 534-5366.
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